GEOGRAPHY ADVANCEMENTS 1929

by WILLIAM BOWIE

Chief, Division of Geodesy,
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
Source: POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY – January 1930

EXPLORATIONS have been in progress or initiated during the year along a number of different lines. Commander Richard Evelyn Byrd has been in the Antarctic, exploring the edges of the ice fields and, by air-plane, the interior of Antarctica. Plans are under way for an exploration in the Arctic by the Graf Zeppelin, and it is expected that this expedition will be undertaken in 1930.

There has been greater activity in oceanography, an important branch of geography, than ever before. The National Academy of Science of the United States plans a report setting forth what has been accomplished and what are the outstanding problems to be solved. The Secretary of the Navy plans to have naval vessels of the United States, traveling between ports, determine the depth along the route by the sonic sounding method. Various oceanographic expeditions include the voyage of the nonmag-netic ship Carnegie, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and the gravity measurements by Dr. Vening Meinesz on the Dutch submarine in the East Indies.

President Hoover has announced his decision to initiate a program to complete the topographic mapping of the United States within a period of eighteen years.

There has been greater use of the airplane during the year in making preliminary surveys and maps over many inaccessible areas such as northern Canada, portions of Alaska, South America, and Africa. The airplane was used by Colonel Lindbergh in cooperation with the officials of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in searching for ruins of Mayan settlements in Yucatan and certain portions of Central America.

RADIO ADVANCES 1929

by JOHN V. L. HOGAN

Radio Engineer and Inventor

THE growth of radio during 1929 has been not only in the improvement of technical processes and apparatus, but also in the organization and extension of its services and in the adaptation of radio principles to work in various other fields.

Public contact with radio is mainly through broadcast reception. Here the wide adoption of the A. C. type of screen-grid tube has provided receivers of greater selective ability and of exceptional sensitiveness; and it seems prob-able that newer developments will reduce the number of tubes required in order to obtain the most desirable results. There is also a definite trend toward the use of automatic and distant-operated station selecting devices, which further simplify the manipulation of home receiving sets.

Efficient transoceanic telephone service has been shown to be adequate for the relaying of international programs, and international radio telegraph service has been expanded. On the American continent there is growing a network of point-to-point telegraphic service by radio. Even television has now been shown to be capable of simpler and more dependable practical applications than many had thought feasible.

Popular Science Monthly – January 1930

ENGINEERING ADVANCEMENTS 1929

Source: Popular Science Monthly – January 1930

by COLLINS P. BLISS, M.A.

Professor of Mechanical Engineering,
New York University

FORMAL opening of the eight-mile Cascade Tunnel, the longest railroad tunnel in the United States, ushered in the engineering year of 1929.

Outstanding engineering projects of the year include the great International Bridge at Detroit, longest suspension bridge in the world; the Hud-son River Bridge at New York City; the Pacoima Dam in southern California, 385 feet high, and the even higher Diablo and Owyhee dams in Washington and Oregon, respectively. Preparations are going forward for the monster of them all, Boulder Dam in Colorado, a power and flood control project at last assured.

Completion of the great waterway lock system on the Ohio River from Pittsburgh to Cairo adds another link to America’s inland waterway system.  Mississippi flood control, called the world’s largest dirt-moving job, is well under way.

The Woolworth Building’s long-standing supremacy among skyscrapers passes at last with the erection of two even higher buildings in New York City, expected to be nearly or entirely completed this year. Another skyscraper planned for Chicago is to dwarf even the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Two-hundred-story buildings are foreseen.

Progress in electrical engineering is typified by such huge electrical machines as the two monster 160,000-kilowatt generators installed early this year at the Hell Gate power station in New York. An innovation in the field of mechanical engineering are the new steelless alloys of extraordinary hardness for machine tools. Novel forms of power, jet and rocket propulsion, have been tried out in experiments, notably in Germany, for automobiles and airplanes. Here and abroad electric power continues to furnish the driving force in factory machinery. The ubiquitous Diesel engine is finding such new uses as supplying power in office buildings and in railroad locomotives.

AERONAUTIC ADVANCES

by ALEXANDER KLEMIN, Sc.M.

Professor of Aeronautics,
New York University

ONE  of  the most striking developments of the year in aeronautics has been the use of ethylene glycol in the cooling of aircraft engines. Since water boils at 212 degrees F., operating temperatures must be kept down to 180 degrees. With ethylene glycol an operating temperature of 300 degrees is possible. Therefore the radiator becomes much more effective and it is possible to cut its size to one third. This development will vastly improve the performance of large airplanes, to which liquid-cooled engines are especially applicable.

Airship engineers have much to congratulate themselves on in the round-the-world flight of the Graf Zeppelin in some-thing over twenty-four days. It is significant that nationally known banking interests are discussing with airship and steamship companies the formation of transoceanic airship lines.

At the time of writing, tests of the Guggenheim Safe Aircraft Competition are proceeding. This competition has focused interest on aerodynamic safety, particularly with regard to slow landing and quick getaway.

While for the time being the aviation industry is a little burdened by overproduction, the future of commercial aviation remains as sound as ever.

Popular Science Monthly – January 1930

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AUTOMOBILE ACHIEVEMENTS 1929

by ALFRED REEVES
General Manager,
National Automobile Chamber of Commerce

WHILE the motor production for the year just concluded was climbing well above the five-million mark, and sales abroad were in the neighborhood of one million vehicles, scientific advances were underwriting stability for the motor industry.

In short, we cannot divorce the study of this industry from its engineering aspects. There has never been in motor history a car at the Ford price which would travel at the Ford’s speed and deliver the same pick-up. In the Ford and Whippet Four the public found engineering jobs of a quality never before available for the value. Similarly, Chevrolet for the first time offered a six-cylinder machine in its price class and equipped it with a body of unusual quality. There has been similar progress in all price ranges. The advent of the front-wheel-drive car, four-speed gear shifts, and various other items all serve to give the current cars a style aspect which is stimulating to public interest.

Popular Science Monthly, January 1930

TAKING YOUR OWN CAR TO EUROPE” MADE EASIER

A LARGE travel for next year of American motorists taking their own cars to and from Europe is now assured, we read in a Montreal dispatch to the New York Herald Tribune, by the new arrangements which have been made by the Montreal Motorists League in cooperation with the American Automobile Association, the Automobile Association of Great Britain, and certain automobile societies in Europe. Through the Montreal connection members of the American Automobile Association can now plan to take their cars comfortably the next time they go abroad. As we read:

Members can now reserve space for their cars on the steamers at the following charges: Cars weighing between 1,500 pounds and 2,500 pounds, $285 for the round trip, and for cars weighing between 2,500 pounds and 4,500 pounds, $340 for the round trip.

These rates also include the cost of loading and unloading, port charges, washing and polishing car, foreign registration, plates, driving license, international customs pass valid for British Isles, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Poland Roumania and Luxembourg. Practically all of these countries permit touring for a period of one year under these documents, associate membership in the Automobile Association of Great Britain, touring-book and badge.

A deposit of $100 is required, which will be refunded immediately upon return of the customs documents duly vised by the foreign customs.

Source: The Literary Digest for November 12, 1927

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SPALDING advertisement in The Literary Digest for July 23, 1927

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BANKERS SUPPLY COMPANY advertisement in The Literary Digest for September 12, 1925